Simon Mondzain was born in Chelm, Poland, near Lublin. His father was a saddler. Mondzain had known that he wanted to become a painter since he was a child but his family was against it. Following an argument, he left home and enrolled in the School of Arts and Crafts in Warsaw. He temporarily worked at a saddler and as a photo retoucher. In 1905, he enrolled in the School of Fine Arts in Warsaw thanks to the support of the Dabkowski family and worked at Kazimierz Stabrowski’s studio. In 1908, with the help of a Jewish association, he left for Krakow, where he later enrolled in the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts. Together with Teodore Axentowicz and Josef Pankiewicz, he discovered French Impressionist painting.

Following his first exhibition in Krakow in 1909, he was awarded a scholarship and visited Paris. In 1910, he continued his studies in Krakow and struck up a friendship with Kisling and Waclaw Zawadowski (Zawado). In 1912, Mondzain settled in Paris for good and met his friends Kisling, Merkel and Zawadowski. He lived in a room in rue Le Goff and met critic Adolphe Basler, Max Jacob, André Derain, and Othon Friesz. In 1913, he stayed in Doëlan in Brittany and wrote his memoirs.

Mondzain was in Spain when the World War I broke out. He returned to Paris and volunteered in the Polish section of the French Foreign Legion. Between 1915 and 1918, he drew his life as a soldier. In November 1917, he returned to Paris. In 1920, he visited the United States, where he was invited by the Fine Arts Club of Chicago. In 1923, he traveled in France and painted landscapes. Police chief Zamaron bought four of his paintings at the Salon des Indépendants.

Mondzain acquired French nationality in 1923. That same year, he became a member of the Salon des Tuileries. In 1925, he went to Algeria with painter Jean Launois. There, he met his wife Simone, who was a doctor. In 1927, his friend Merkel dedicated an article to him, entitled “Von Kunst und Künstlers,” published in the journal Menhora in Vienna. In 1933, the Mondzain family settled in Algiers. From this year onward, the painter spent his time between France and Algeria.

During World War II, he stayed in Algiers with his friends Albert Marquet and André Gide, who considered him a peerless chess player. Between 1939 and 1942, he welcomed many Polish refugees in Algiers. He became friends with Abbé Walzer, an antifascist German Benedictine. In 1944, following the death of his friend Max Jacob in Drancy internment camp, he wrote his memoirs, entitled “Max Jacob and Montparnasse,” which were published in the journal L’Arche.

Following the war, Simon Mondzain lived in Paris and Algiers, until Algerian independence in 1962. The Mondzain family then settled in Montparnasse where the painter died on December 30, 1979.